Science and Education a New Dimension
Iss. 29. 2014.
Bezrukov A.V. The Metaphysical Poetry as a Peculiar Trend of the Baroque Art
Abstract. The Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially – about love, romantic and sensual; about man’s relationship with God – the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. The Metaphysical poets created a new trend in history of English literature. These poems have been created in such a way that one must have enough knowledge to get the actual meaning. The Metaphysical poets made use of everyday speech, intellectual analysis, and unique imagery. The creators of the Metaphysical poetry, John Donne along with his followers, are successful not only in that period but also in the modern age.
Keywords: Metaphysicals, poetry, conceit, Baroque, word, image, religion, death, love
Bezrukov A.V. The Metaphysical Poetry as a Peculiar Trend of the Baroque Art
Hudz N.O. Visual and Linguistic Profiles of Environmental Blogs
Abstract. The article describes visual and linguistic peculiarities of environmental blogs. Our analysis illustrates that segmentation of blogs covering environmental issues is based on a system of hyperlink. On the morphological level environmental blogs make extensive usage of plural forms of nouns, degrees of comparison, Past Simple and Future Simple tenses and imperative mood. Lexical stylistic peculiarities of environmental blogs are characterized by employment of neologisms, colloquialisms and idiomatic expressions. Enumeration, parenthesis and repetition are expressive means most frequently met on syntactic level. Being comparatively poor in stylistic devices on syntactic level, environmental blogs are extremely rich in figures of speech, namely metaphors, epithets and metonymies.
Keywords: environmental blogs, genres, stylistic analysis, environmental awareness, human-nature relationship
Hudz N.O. Visual and Linguistic Profiles of Environmental Blogs
Kapak J. Special Characteristics of Actualization of Gender Specific Idioms in the Modern German Discourse
Abstract. The article focuses on the research of the gender component of semantics of idioms in the modern German language. It reveals the identified gender marked idioms and presents the research of the specifics of actualization of these units in the modern discourse. The article deals with the observation of preservation and removal of pragmatic restrictions of the units under study; it reflects the detection of actual and archaic stereotypes and the tendency to the relativization of the androcentric character of the German idiomatic thesaurus.
Keywords: gender markedness, gender / pragmatic restrictions, male/female referent, connotation, stereotype
Kapak J. Special Characteristics of Actualization of Gender Specific Idioms in the Modern German Discourse
Navrotska I.M. Distinguishing polysemy from homonymy of the English nouns by means of semantic analysis
Abstract. The article proposes to take a view of a possible way of distinguishing such semantic phenomena as polysemy and homonymy by means of profound semantic analysis of some nouns. These nouns were chosen from four lexicographic sources using several criteria, among which the etymological one is the most important at this level of research. The methods are based on the classification of inner semantic categories of the lexical meaning of the noun which consists in portioning all meanings of the noun into regular polysemes, lexico-semantic variants, syncrets, heterosemes and homonyms.
Keywords: polysemy, homonymy, syncretism, heterosemy, lexico-semantic variation, lexico-semantic unit
Navrotska I.M. Distinguishing polysemy from homonymy of the English nouns by means of semantic analysis
Nykytchenko K.P. Traditional and cognitive approaches to occasional word-formation
Abstract. The article deals with scientific research on the occasional word-formation in the light of cognitive paradigm. The differ- ence between classical (taxonomic) and cognitive word-formation is analyzed and the interpretation of cognitive word formation of our own is proposed. It is revealed that the semantics of occasionalisms in the traditional sense is opposed to quantum of knowledge in cognitive linguistics.
Keywords: occasional word-formation, cognitive semantics, quantum of knowledge, conceptual integration theory
Nykytchenko K.P. Traditional and cognitive approaches to occasional word-formation
Prihodko A.A. The Role of Antinomies in Language
Abstract. This article is dedicated to the research of the role of antinomies in the modern language. The main cases of antinomies and oppositions were observed in the article. Antinomies play a very important role in the process of development of the language and without them language wouldn’t be as colorful as today.
Keywords: antinomy, opposition, language
Prihodko A.A. The Role of Antinomies in Language
Prihodko A.I. On the Merge of Cross and Interdisciplinary Study: Cognitive and Ecological Linguistics
Abstract. This article is dedicated to the research of the role of antinomies in the modern language. The main cases of antinomies and oppositions were observed in the article. Antinomies play a very important role in the process of development of the language and without them language wouldn’t be as colorful as today.
Keywords: antinomy, opposition, language
Prihodko A.I. On the Merge of Cross and Interdisciplinary Study: Cognitive and Ecological Linguistics
Shumylo M.Y. Etymological and semantic changes of the English medical terms
Abstract. The article highlights the semantic changes of the English vocabulary, in particular, medical terminology and causes by which these modifications occur. Any language is constantly changing under the influence of borrowings, dialects, due to cultural, historical and social development. Thus, lexemes change their meaning in different ways: specialization, generalization, pejoration or amelioration. The meaning of words can be completely modified throughout the history. Semantic changes can be also based on metaphor and metonymy. Word meanings may become more positive or negative, broader or narrower, and may be caused by factors within or outside languages.
Keywords: amelioration, generalization, lexeme, pejoration, semantic changes, specialization
Shumylo M.Y. Etymological and semantic changes of the English medical terms
Galij L.G. Semantic and genetic characteristics of personal pronouns in modern English and Ukrainian
Abstract This article is dedicated to the semantics and etymology studies of personal pronouns in English and Ukrainian languages in order to define the factors that could influence their status as a part of speech and combinatory potential.
Keywords: etymological analysis, combinative power, part-of-speech potential, possessive pronouns
Galij L.G. Semantic and genetic characteristics of personal pronouns in modern English and Ukrainian
Grybinyk Y.I. Affixation as one of the most productive morphological methods in geodetic and cadastral terms formation
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of affixation as one of the most productive methods in the process of morphological word building in modern English language of geodesy and cadastre. Special attention is paid to groups of affixes and structural patterns of terminological units, built on their basis.
Keywords: morphological word formation, derivation, affix, prefix, suffix, structural patterns of terminological units
Grybinyk Y.I. Affixation as one of the most productive morphological methods in geodetic and cadastral terms formation
Gurskaya D.V. Linguistic realization of pragmatic potential "good – evil" dichotomy in the Bible
Abstract. The research exposes the nature of “good – evil” dichotomy, its language realization in the Bible using biblical sentences as actual material.
Keywords: language picture of the world, good, evil, opposition, sentence, dichotomy
Gurskaya D.V. Linguistic realization of pragmatic potential “good – evil” dichotomy in the Bible
Yelovska Yu. Taboos in scientific discourse
Abstract. The article deals with the notion of taboo in the prism of scientific discourse. Scientific discourse is understood as the unity of scientific communication and scientific texts which reflect updated scientific knowledge. The concept of taboo is interpreted as a strict ban or situational limitation of certain linguistic speech units (sounds, letters, words, phrases, etc.) and phonetic units (tone, pitch of voice, tone, intonation, etc.), topics and avoiding some communicants caused by different extralinguistic factors, including religious and magical, social, political, cultural, moral, ethical reasons. Taboo is mostly often perceived as categorical prohibition, violation of which is invalid because of unwanted and disastrous consequences. Taking into account specific characteristics of the taboo phenomenon this paper attempts to distinguish direct and indirect prohibitions on the material of Ukrainian scientific discourse and to determine probable consequences of their violation. In addition, it determines the categorical degree and actualization features of these taboos. Important role in prohibition fixing belongs to scientific discourse specific components such as participants, discourse-space conditions and communicative situations, texts as the productive discourse outcome. There are two groups in the Ukrainian scientific discourse. The first group covers imlicite categorical warnings in oral scientific speech. These are taboos associated with the addressee type and specific communicative situation, existing in etiquette formulas, pronoun usage and tactics of scientific disputes. The second group includes prohibitions which arise in the process of scientific text creating. These taboos pre- serve from violating structural and compositional construction of scientific texts, lexical and grammatical content deviation and technical text formatting faults. Taboo violation causes negative emotional communicants reaction and evokes the research results rejection among the scientific community.
Keywords: taboo, discourse, scientific discourse, communication, bans in scientific discourse
Yelovska Yu. Taboos in scientific discourse
Lekhnitska S.I. Morpho-synthatic features of the termelements in the Latin names of drugs
Abstract. Observed the theoretical foundations of the concept “term-element”, defines the types of termelements, the languages that are used to create termelements in the names of drugs. Analyzed morpho-syntactic features of termelements in the names for medicines group of analgesics and antipyretics.
Keywords: termelements, names of drugs, “semantic” and “auxiliary” termelements, analgesics and antipyretics
Lekhnitska S.I. Morpho-synthatic features of the termelements in the Latin names of drugs
Leshchenko A.V. The Concept of Suspense in Modern Research
Abstract. The article deals with the definition of suspense in the framework of modern research. The concept of suspense is viewed from two basic perspectives: psychological and narratological. As a result, suspense is considered as a complex cognitive-affective phenomenon which characterizes the degree of narrative tension, the latter is created by the two narrative modes, namely strategic incompleteness and strategic delay.
Keywords: suspense, interest, narrative tension, strategic incompleteness, strategic delay
Leshchenko A.V. The Concept of Suspense in Modern Research
Masel Y.S. Systematic relationships of substandard English units
Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of systematic relationships within the English substandard lexicophraseological corpus. In subsystem of substandard English, synonymic, antonymic, taxonomic, network, frame-based, chain, cyclic relationships are dis- played. They indicate the relative autonomy of this subsystem. Main focus is on paradigmatic relations between substandard units of English language.
Keywords: synonymic, antonymic, taxonomic, network, frame-based, chain, cyclic relationships
Masel Y.S. Systematic relationships of substandard English units
Melekh H.B. Motivational base for the German gastronomic idioms
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the motivational foundations of the German gastronomic idioms. The basic compo- nents of phraseological units are grouped into certain thematic units and analyzed from the positions of anthropocentrism. In each block revealed a positive or negative connotations.
Keywords: thematic unit, metaphor, phraseology unit, motivational base
Melekh H.B. Motivational base for the German gastronomic idioms
Mikhaylova E.V. From the history of the formation of the part of speech classification: Turkish grammatical tradition
Abstract. The history of formation parts of speech theory in modern linguistics is viewed in the erticle. The basic grammatical works of Russian and foreign linguistics are analyzed. As well Turkish grammatical tradition of the definition of parts of speech is described.
Keywords: parts of speech, grammatical category, classification criteria, and homogeneous and heterogeneous classifications
Mikhaylova E.V. From the history of the formation of the part of speech classification: Turkish grammatical tradition
Nestelieiev M.A., Moskalenko M.N. The mythologem of water in V. Stus`s book of poems „Palympsests”
Abstract. The mythological symbol of water in the Ukrainian poet of sixties V. Stus`s book of poems „Palympsests” is analyzed in the article. The invariants of this mythologem and the frequency of its use are studied. The features of the image and context using of mythologem of water in the V. Stus`s poetries are determined.
Keywords: symbol, mythologem, poets of sixties, invariant, water
Nestelieiev M.A., Moskalenko M.N. The mythologem of water in V. Stus`s book of poems „Palympsests”
Panova N.Y. Suicidal tendencies in the story of R. L. Stevenson “The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”
Summary. The story of R. L. Stevenson “The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” is one of the most famous works of the au- thor. It is a psychological drama that takes place in one and the same person. Stevenson masterfully depicts state of mind and inner world of the hero, who understood that negative and shameful sides of his personality captured him and involved into abyss, and he wasn’t able to cope with them. In the story R. L. Stevenson touches upon the problem of duality of human nature. Famous and re- spected doctor Henry Jekyll and cruel Edward Hyde is one and the same person. The author expressed the great tragedy of the situa- tion. According to A. Lavrov, Henry Jekyll and his despicable double Edward Hyde reflected diversity and multidimensionality of Stevenson’s inner world, they combine the most common situations, concentrated a social and psychological picture of the giving situation, gave opportunity to distinguished apparition and essence, obvious and hidden in moral lifestyle. In the story “The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” mysticism and psychology are integrated. Mysterious events described in the work are given with a great number of real details which increase the sharpness of general impression. Figure of dual in his nature Dr. Jekyll is a good example of modern man’s soul. A. Koroleva correlates the story of R. L. Stevenson with S. Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. In her opinion, Stevenson by his story ahead S. Freud, in a short and visual way he outlined practically all of his theory, which was quite unfamiliar for him.
Keywords: state of mind, inner world, suicide, duality, motive, duality of the soul
Panova N.Y. Suicidal tendencies in the story of R. L. Stevenson “The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”
Polishchuk (Shadchina) A.S. Semantic transitions in the names of animals Caniformia and Feliformia (on the material of the Nostratic languages)
Our study focuses on the semantic typology of transitions in the names of wild animals (the types Caniformia and Feliformia) in the Nostratic languages. The purpose of the work is to determine the “Nostratic” status of IE zoonyms, frequency of semantic transitions among five animal groups – Canidae, Mustelidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae, Viverridae and to elaborate the classification of these shifts. As a result, it has been concluded that the most likely IE roots of Nostratic origin are: *sinĝho- ‘lion’, ‘tiger, leopard’, *luќ-(s/n) ‘small predator, lynx’; *kun- ‘dog, wolf’; *keun-/*koun- ‘marten’; *mel- ‘marten, badger’; *bhe(H)l- ‘marten’, *stib(h)-yo- > OSl *stbj ‘wild cat. Migration terms in the IE languages, given the under-representation of the branches of Nostratic languages or later fixation, may be *lew-(on-) /*luw-(on-) ‘lion’, *kat(t)- ‘house cat’, *H2wis-(yo-/-elo) ‘weasel, cat’. This proves that the ancestral Indo-European vocabulary includes mainly the names of Mustelidae and Canidae families, whereas the names Felidae could be either inherited from Nostratic languages or borrowed. For the Afro-Asiatic languages are more typical three- or four-component series of semantic transitions (Canidae – Viverridae – Felidae – Hyaenidae), whereas for the other Nostratic languages – mostly two-component (Canidae – Mustelidae and Felidae – Hyaenidae). Furthermore, in the Indo-European lexics greater productivity of the equonimic shift Mustelidae – Felidae is observed, compared with the rare transition Canidae – Felidae, more characteristic for the Afro-Asiatic languages. Thus, we might assume that the semantic typology among the names remains at Eurasian linguistic macrofamily, but not at the level of the Nostratic.
Keywords: Indo-European languages, Nostratic languages, the names of wild animals, the semantic derivation, semantic typology
Polishchuk (Shadchina) A.S. Semantic transitions in the names of animals Caniformia and Feliformia (on the material of the Nostratic languages)
Popova N. The phenomena of polysemy from the point of view of concepts’ synchronically-diachronic analysis (on Spanish language materials)
Abstract. This article deals with the phenomenon of polysemy from the point of view of cognitive semantics. Application of the synchronically-diachronic analysis for studding of the concepts reflected in Spain language picture of the world indicates that poly- semy as a field structured semantic category from the cognitive point of view is the most effective mean to accumulate information, leading to a wide divergence of lexical units’ meanings due to the existence of several concept’s prototype cores.
Keywords: polysemantic words, concept, prototypal core, homonyms, synchrony, diachrony
Popova N. The phenomena of polysemy from the point of view of concepts’ synchronically-diachronic analysis (on Spanish language materials)
Smolyana T.A. Precedent of a German maxim as an eptonym in paremiological and phraseological founds
Abstact.The article analyses maxim as an eptonym, that is an explicator of national and universal values of people. maxim is ex- plored as precedent phenomenon, its functional features are distinguished.
Keywords: eptonym, proverb, maxim, paremiology, precedent statement, precedent phenomenon, phraseology
Smolyana T.A. Precedent of a German maxim as an eptonym in paremiological and phraseological founds
Sudus Y.V. The communicative style of the US diplomat Samantha Power in public speeches
Abstract. The article focuses on the idea that language activity of a diplomat involves influence on public consciousness, and to achieve the goal diplomats try to influence the audience verbally. The article highlights the features of communication styles in diplomatic speech. The author analyzes basic communication styles and approaches to their study. A special attention is paid to the varieties of verbal communication styles in modern English diplomatic discourse. The author views certain linguistic features of the speeches by the diplomat as a tool of possible manipulation with public opinion. The investigation was carried out on the basis of transcripts of Samantha Power`s public speeches concerning the events in Syria in 2013 and 2014. The author has established that such communicative verbal styles as direct, succinct, personal and instrumental are the most common for the studied speeches. According to the author, one of the means of influence which is used in diplomatic speech is their verbal communicative style.
Keywords: communicative style, diplomatic discourse, verbal means of influence
Sudus Y.V. The communicative style of the US diplomat Samantha Power in public speeches
Khomenko A.Ye. Stylistic means with a symbolic "water" component in the early twenty-first century media texts
Abstract. The article deals with verbal symbols that form and translate ethnic and national collective experience of certain ethnic group. The symbol is not a static, “frozen” phenomenon, its dynamics is caused by both external (social, cultural and historical changes in the society), and linguistic reasons. Symbol can extend the semantics and imagery of tropes, figures or means, and enriches the word semantic meaning due to additional connotation that can be included in the core of the trope, figure or means semantics. Simultaneously symbols remain on the meaning edge neutralizing the basic trope, figure or means content semantically “overshadowing” it. The article analyzes modern Ukrainian media texts and investigates tropes, figures and means with reproductive and transformative symbolic meanings of the “water” word-symbol. It also highlightes reproduced-mnemonic function as dominant one in mediatexts tropes and figures with symbolic semantics. Reproduced-mnemonic function appeals to the person’s cultural experience, national consciousness and motivates to intellectual “straining” in successful mediatext information decoding due to collective historical background referring, cultural and ethno-cultural experience and rethinking its reorientation within a specific mediacontext. This investigation has revealed in the semantics of these expresssive means text optional transformational symbolic meanings with a single text appearance, constant symbolic meanings implemented despite the context and frequent transformation meanings operating in large groups of media texts. Thereafter two groups of symbols can be distinguished. The reproductive symbols are used in order to realize communicative and pragmatic tasks of the author. The transformation symbols contribute to the growth, increment, implantation and deepening a common set of meanings of the word symbol.
Keywords: trope, figure, symbol, function, expressiveness, mediatext
Khomenko A.Ye. Stylistic means with a symbolic “water” component in the early twenty-first century media texts
Shevchuk Z.S. The precedent phenomena as the sign of the socialization of the linguistic identity of the woman (based on the Iren Rozdobudko’s works)
The article is devoted to the analysis of the precedent phenomena as references which create contents, whose meaning express the direct and indirect relationship to the linguistic identity of the woman, her social role in the society; the range of estimates (positive and negative), depending on the used lingual tools and their implementation in the language material.
Keywords: anthropocentrism, precedent phenomena, allusion, reminiscence, play of words
Shevchuk Z.S. The precedent phenomena as the sign of the socialization of the linguistic identity of the woman (based on the Iren Rozdobudko’s works)
